Кетет
2ХАрреді is a monthly
newsletter put out by the
Vancouver Sinclair Users Group.
For more information on the
group and ZXAppeal see the backcover.
TIMEX
5 t
* MIDWEST ”
“COMPUTER
г Ssimclaicm
Users gr LILIF2
[ngxr meeting] Eginm:.
: Hass aS EET:
1000 PROGRAMMING HINTS....... 9
SPREAD SHEE ВЭ 10
HEK FE BE MT 12
JIR CLIVE РЕАК... 13
DULE WORDS 13
2068 HRDWRE PROJECT ........... 14
UL PRINTERS e eiit erts ГЭ
x FEST Уг * ...Fest Report Inside
Тж А
45, 2-3 519%
Slide Show at
Meeting
THIS. DS9SUE a bees we ME OHS EASA a
HOW ` can you tell summer has
arrived in Vancouver? The rain
is warmer! But Seriously
folks...this issue will be our
last before the summer break.
Offered within for your reading
and eu 119 pleasure are some
more choice morsels from our
contributors. We conciude
Harvey’s "Playing With" from last
time Vince L. is back again
with more examples of advanced
rogramming techniques for the
186. Ker A. has another Kernal
for us aS well as a fins piece
showing us how to incorporate
Speech into BASIC programs with
the ZVoice board. Ken also has
provided us with a comparison
Chart of the edge connectors on
the ZX81, Spectrum, & the 2068 --
Will be very handy. Glenn Р.
Stands in as Humble Scribe with-
the meeting minutes this month as
соғ regular Humble Scribe was off
at Scribe convention, or
something of the kind. Rusty T.
presents further musings оп his
favourite type оғ
programs...spreadsheets with a
comparison chart of the various
functions each offers. NOW THIS
iS IMPORTANT...we have a new
contributor: Jay M. sends us his
first time Eod being a neat
rogram for the 10006 which allows
he imput and simultaneous
translation of HEX to DEC. Very
nice Jay keep “еп coming. We
round out the issue with a report
On the Computer Fest and some
reprints from the NETWORK. Hope
everyone has a good summer апа
we'll be back around early August
with the annual MEGA SUMMER
SLE qq god аз E ETEN e e E HIS
ХХ 5555 KEKE EKER KKK RE KEKE
BITS & PIECES ow .. г.
22eas most
the
are dior aia? aware,
Winner of the QL RAW was
Wilf R. with ticket #7 We сап
all expect to see great
things coming from his
triumphs such as and
WRXió Hi Res for the are
any indicator.
...І5 Horizon has set! The word
is that Computer Trader Magazine
has taken over the subcription
sone
Wilt if
NOVA 1999
1008
list and will Fulfill the
outstanding subscription
Obligations of TSH. CTM is a
grea magazine, usually
containing about 1/4 TS articles
as well as a nice blend of
Other’ computer articles. Good
luck Chet and thanks for the
support. And also thanks to Rick
Duncan for producing a really
nice TS oriented magazine. Too
bad it became a chore but then
all good parties have to end
sometime.
coe lim 5. ti
recelve
li waiting to
and upgrade those 16K
rampaks and 18@fs...he’s stocked
up on lots of parts...so let the
Editor have them for Forwarding
on. Remember: these upgrades are.
being done at COST. You can’t
beat the price.
sa have
chip?
With
rampak
ar, on
BATTERY.
changes
YOu ever heard of a 2816
Well, this is an EEPROM.
this chip and Tim. S’s 64K
Ou can have 2K NVM in the
oard socket WITHOUT A
No internal wiring
to make...just pull one
Out and plug the other in! Foke
your MC utilities in and there
hey Stay until you Foke
something else in. Pretty Neat!
...l1f anyone has an
line the Club now
Casboard BBS program.
the setting up of a
messege board on an
28658 and allows ц
loading on a 2068 wit
Speaking of D/Drives...WEYMIL
is offering some 1/3 height Canon
drives at good prices as well as
now carrying the new LARKIN DD
Interface and DOS cart for the
2068. It is rumoured that
Club member couldn't say NO to
very persuasive sales pitch
the man from WEYMIL and is
now the proud owner of a new Disk
Drive system.
5555555 X XOCXOXCOCHC XO C C E
NEW MEMBERS:
extra phone
Owns the
This allow
very nice
unexpanded
p and down
|i D/Drives.
Jon Kaczor,
John
(Both new members saw
ZXAppeal set out at the ’Fest,
John tracked down the VSuG Rep
and signed up in the middle of
the floor.)
Brooklyn, OH
sampson, College Point, NY
copies of
VEDAT = Fon EER
МЕГ PRU АИ
The end is near! Friday, june 22 will
ре ou^ final meeting before the = Suter
kholidaus. Meetings Will presume adailü ат
F'idag, September 11,
PRODUCT PROFILE ‘3F is an Exhibition of
high tech components, test equipment, аға
SYSTEMS. Technical Seminars wil] зісі be
сРопіоред Ru SOME OF the сун bitors, and
Bill сок zelnicondüctaorz, БАТЕ jE
Componente, test ecuipbment and morc,
Cate: Med. June l8 & Thurs. dive 11
Place: Forum, Pacific National
Exhibition opounds
Hastings & Een£reu Streets
Time: БАМ to SPH,
Unfortunately, there are һо EET iT
MOUS this year, zo uos MSL collect. 811
gdour info tand free Samples] Бест SAM à
BPH. If you did not Fill eut &
redistration form at eur last zii
Meeting, uou Can register at n aoor.
Juzt tell them uou PEONY to the Vancouver:
Sinclair Users! Group. The price poe pee
set to UslG Specifications: FREE!
lest I forget, I would like to thank77
the menmbpenz lc солерігта vs REI as
re-elected me to the executive. Its also
hice to have Busty Townsend, Glenn Read,
Ais Harder and Gerd Breunund On-board ас
Beil,
it must be stated, however, that the
reason USUG continues to exist je MOT
because OF its elected executive! WSUS
defies death bu virtue o£ the efforts and
SUPPOPL ОҒ numenrouz Members and users — who
Care enough to spend áa lot of their
Precious time helping other UZLG members.
f special thanks to Rod Humek EJZ, Whose
dual portfolio {Treasurer $ Heyzletter
Editor] has been тесуді With acest.
Proficiency
Uur "Humble Scribe“, Harwveu Taylor.
should receive а Pullitzer Prize or some
SUCK ашаға for the literary merit with
Which he cOomposez the Mantes OF our
monthig meetings. Не must. however, get
Pid ОҒ that mechanical watch — it ЕЕ
to PUT One-half hour fast, ТАЛУ 2 Po
Habwe. Everyone knows that our MEET i TAS
begin at 7PH PePPel ited!
Thanks also to Tay Haclean, Who hast
eile HUMEDO Өнім to thE
fie of OG
Е ЖН Ж LEPANI,
probably one ОҒ the few in existence
Harry 5105 and Wilf Rigter have Provided
the technica expertise that zo many of us
have learned fran, Harry haz held
Hardware Group meetings at his own home
over the past year аға 2 half -- ard his
Wife's marital status hasn't even changed
She's still а computer widow). Wilf has
zhown us that the lowly T53800298 can do damn
nean andthind а Mainframe can do -- you
dont really need that OL, do uou Wile?
НІ Wright has hosted numerous Robotics
eroup Meetings in his office., Rumour has
it that the Income Tax inspectors are
invertidatind his deduction o£ photocopu
Paper 35 an investment in “high tech
robots."
if I've forgotten angone, you probablu
3S іп the category of the THUS
contributors Who have sijither Contributed
their ideas or кіюшіседе 30 meetings or
have Given them to Rod For the newsletter,
With continued effort, we will all aive
“The Zeeper" ireported to be a good friend
of don Brohman's) another difficult year
or Zecpind to do.
а
3
ay
ct
m c pm
7%
Wish everyone A
Ез ther Ls
mer А
he dulu mornsoons Keep you
—
M
e!
--
51
c
inside th Se, Бе zenzible... Make cGood
USE ОҒ uour time -- 215 down and f j he
that article that YOU'VE been meaning to
FILE for the newsletter, Did out some at
dour Old programs ana US yoyr
3 = Py
TT
acind project
and write uz
HEE ' =
Story &
DI
^
h.t
eT
bee =m
1
e
ot
Ut
m
--2
SON eet
m
E
"m
m oe
3E
E unm
=
b
Ek CT ot CF
Vt “۰ | qt
interests, Happy holida ds.
9989 STOP
KEN RERRMSOH
FEE XD EEK EE KEK EK IG XC X XX XX
ҰҰҰҰҰЖҰҰҰҰХХҰҰҰҰҰХҰХҰҰХҰХҰҰХҰХҰҰҰХҰҰҰ
69
.meeting date!
JUNE 787
MINUTES Fri 08 MAY 87
by your Humble stand-in scribe.
Well for a start I should warn you
that this months Minutes are not
being done by the master scribe -
Harvey being absent. So please
ignore all typos.
Lots of goodies at this months
meeting, 23 members present 1 guest
speaker and the return of our long
lost friend from the Amiga world in
in the form of Paul Ruiterman.
Ken started his presidents report by
showing us a furry musical bear - a
much loved toy belonging to his
daughter, he then gave us detailed
descriptions of how he reversed
engineered its electronics and
generaly pulled the guts out of the
poor thing .
Notes from Ken included a reminder
that product profile is on again
this year at exhibition park on June
lOth-11th, and the suggestion that
the users group incorporate is
generaly not a good idea according
to a friend of Kens who knows about
such things.
Also he brought to our attention
- Fame at last for our very own Wilf
Rigter with a write up in
computer shopper.
Rod gave his Treas & Editors report
with the good news that there is
$725.00 in the credit union and for
some strange reason the news letters
arrived early ???.
Wilf at this point tryed to start
WW III by suggesting that there was
to much 2068 content in this issue.
included a thorough presentation of
the CITYLINK BBS by Steve Barer our
guest speaker, unfortunately an on-
line demo was not possible because
of a bad quality telephone line.
Other items included the kind
donation to the library by Rusty
Townsend of books and magazines.
Wilf and the Hardware group is to
hold a workshop for a build it your-
self 32K non volatile memory
expansion for the 2ZxX81/TS100 and
2068, Wilf demonstrated some of the
versatile uses of this unit at the
meeting.
Harry Slot showed his design for the
beeper/relay diagnosic aid board for
the ZX81/TS100.
Finally the long awaited QL draw was
carred out with the prize going to
wilf Rigter - will the long stream
of Rigter TS1000 innovations now dry
up ? -we can only wait and see.
until Harvey returns - Glenn Read.
Rod will be giving us a slide show
on all the attractions at the Mid-
west Timex Sinclair computer fest!
that he attended at next months
meeting.
Rod concluded with a request for
more material for the newsletter so
get writing everyone.
The
main section of the meeting
TS WAY ZS DF
4
The 2nd Midwest Timex Sinclair
Computer tests «6% vs wes A Report
Bleary eyed, I took the 6:40am
Flight to Seattle. A 3 hour wait. On
to Chicago and another 1 1/2 hour
wait. Sixteenth in line to take-off
and finally on again to
Indianapolis, arriving at 7:00pm
instead of 6:00. The hotel bus took
me to the Holiday Inn just in time
to check-in, shave, shower, change
and make it in time for the gala TS
Social and Banquet. Everyone was
there: I sat next to Carol and
George Whitham of A+ Computer
Response, Gary Lessenberry of the
Chicago Area TS Group, and Pete
Fischer, of Tempe, Arizona,
co-author of The Guide To TS
Telecommunications, the leading
authority on the subject. Frank
Davis, the Fest producer, and Paul
Holmgren, the Chairman, each gave a
short address to the overflow crowd
of 100+. Everyone stood and
introduced themselves - this was
really neat as I was able to put
faces to so many names I was
familiar with. Then down to
business...dinner.
The next morning I was up bright and
early so as to be ready at 9:00am
for the doors to open -- didn't want
to miss out on those 'Fest
specials'. Two large rooms, each
about 5 times the size of our club
room, were occupied by the dealer
and User Group tables. Two smaller
seminar rooms, each seating about
30, were the venue for an excellent
set of lectures and seminars on
topics ranging from "Desktop
Publishing" by Mark Fendrick,
"Hardware Interfacing" by Tom Bent,
"The QL Computer and Superior
Sinclair Technology" by Frank Toemay
of Quantum Computing. A fifth room
was Set aside for a flea market -
the site of some incredible
bargains. The two main rooms were
jammed each day and the five
seminars I went to were very well
attended.
I'm not sure of 'Fest 5
attendance fiqures but I heard the
number 1100 mentioned as the number
of attendees on Saturday. Door
prizes were given away twice every
hour - and I wonll -- a gift
certificate good for my choice of
any piece of software sold by RMG
Enterprises. I chose "Music Maker"
for the 2068. I also had the
welcome opportunity to meet a couple
of long - distance VSUG members.
Kenton Garrett, of Lansing, Kansas,
and I had a very pleasant lunch
together on Saturday, and Ken Duda,
of Northlake, Illinois, introduced
himself to me on the floor. The
'Fest specials were super. А+
Computer had the QL down to $99US
-with software. I'm sure some of
their dealers were not too pleased
but the buyers were - veryl All were
gone by the end. Zebra had six
tables and was swamped almost
continually due to their 'Fest
specials - I picked up a Graphics
Tablet AND two pieces of
accompanying software for $49.00US.
Memopaks for the 1000 were down to
$10.00US. I'm not going to tell you
how much I spent except to say that
I was seriously worried whether it
would all fit into my bag. What I
told ye loyal snivel serpent at the
airport is another thing I won't go
into right now. Sunday morning
about thirty chaps representing many
User Groups had breakfast together.
I again sat with Gary and Pete who
were obviously great pals. Gary, a
bristle-headed lifer in the Marine
Corps and Pete, a4 BO's version of
what we used to call a 'hippie' -
sorry Pete but I'm sure you'll agree
with me when I say you're not
exactly 'mainstream'. These two
chaps served very well as an example
of how our computers can help bridge
many gaps and bring people together
that wouldn't normally.
Then all too soon it was over. The
dealers had packed and gone, the
janitor was folding the tables and
I'm left with memories of two of the
best days of my life. How was
Indianapolis? I don't know, never
Saw it.
...Harvey's "Playing With" continued from last time.
You will hear a lot more about Correction Code]. There is the
CD ROM in the next year or two. If option of yet another user defined
you have not yet had an opportunity layer on top of this.
to see the Grolier Encyclopedia You will notice in the table below
demonstration, do so. The ability to that the data transfer rate for
search a 5@ megabyte database in CD-ROM is not all that high - a
seconds will irretrievably change Winchester can be almost 4 times
the way we conceive of knowledge. faster, but the amount of data is
There are at least two different phenomenally large. This points to a
levels of encoding used in CD-ROM. fundamental problem. The need for
The problem is that the error rate good software, good file handling
is fairly high in the optical methods, efficient indexing to be
drives, SO layers of error able to access the desired
correction are used. In these information in short order. There is
schemes a lot of redundant no standard file structure, as of
information is added on to make sure yet, if ee ever sores gence spia
that the bit you do get is correct. — a an | optica system
The first layer is called Cross designed for say the IBM-PC will not
Interleaved Reed-Solomon Code be easily used by any other
[CIRC]. The second layer is usually computer, although it might be
called "the layered ECC" [Error straightforwardly interfaced.
MASS STORAGE FACTORS TABLE
Size RPM TPI- Encoding Т -—
8" Floppy 360 48 ЕМ 5OOK/s Standard 1.6М
5.2957 399 48 FM 250К/5 Standard 369K
5.25” 300 96 MFM 250K/s Standard 720K
5.25” 399 96 MFM 2 Standard 1.2M
2.9" 3990 135 MFM 250K/s Standard BOOK
Hard Disk 36900 T Various 5M/s Several 5 M -800М
Bubble Memory N/A N/A N/A 50K/s No Standard 128K-512K
CD-ROM 1122 14,5900 See Below 1.3M/s No Standard 599M-2G
س ——— —— M M—— — — ——— ——— — — — —M— — — ——— —— — —— —— — — — —— —— —— —À—— —— —— ——— — — —— —— M—— سے
Aphorisms for the wise k innocent:
"Abandon data all ye who enter here." :
[Seen on a Disk Drive]
"Blessed are the skeptical, for they have made backups."
[Glommed from an ad]
TS1090(ZX81)/SPECTRUM/TS2068 EDGE CONNECTOR PINOUTS -- Ken Abramson
sometimes you may wonder whether hardware designed for one computer is at least
physically compatible with one of the other two Z80 Sinclair computers. If the
active pins used ( top and bottom ) are the same for both computers, then there
is a good chance that the hardware might be made to work on both computers.
D2 БИКО: eee A a. f cLocr DLOUCK — .— СЕПСЕ
D ones LLL D f ioi аа = 4 ва
INNEME ЖЕКЕЛЕ MITT ЕСТІ аса.
25 бенен: NE КЕНЕЛЕ ЕСТІ ШЕГІ КЕНЕ КЕНЕГЕ
Di D4 Dd azi AS VEMM C ара IT
INT INT 5. ENT 14i 815 — . IQOQROGE ISS
HMI NMI- NMI 3 isi aia CLOMID
a 1 i icf IDE i13
E
„аа ЕХВОМ 4 27
ROSCS
ONC O БЫҚЕМ
IGAS zo ЕТО
SOUND
SIMPLE TU
apar 4 SCF
ШЕ SPEECH FOR BASIC PROGRES
ete ee ee RO A dodi
rons 13,
Sy Ren Abramson
"uum
uon 34
Hou that you
how can
e Er
Jour 2
]ezrmn ta
c
| 7S qUu am er
A
à LI TIL aifficuity? а
presented here should give you &azonable
results With veru little effort, не
4051119 Py- SPEECH, HOWE ver n Mill not be
зціте af Good АЗ the asualityu from Wilf
Rigter's machine code routines, but should
Бе quite acceptable ғо! your First
эттенет, The Speech Will bE a little
zlowenr, bul the prograniites Will EE
eazien, -- mostlu BASIC. Fol lou the
Simple steps below. and you will easile be
akie to add speech to any BASIC program.
4 REM ҮҮРЕЕК атам
(TYPE IN EXACTLY AS SHoOUN
USING SINGLE KEY COMMANDS
FOR PEEK AND TANI 42.
2 REM T51808 "ZUOICE" SPEECH
^ a BRSIC PROGRA
FO 6a PO FO pe» J (Cr FO FOI TO FO b> pe» ED pe pe pa ped pad pea pao poo
TU
T!
Lu "rJ
TI!
Is» I!
tr
UN
с сота 3:
10 FOR I så a
C
Fڎ Il oa Cn
- С)
с)
ж С)
El
EI CHAR H
P
C)
т
Ti
3
Е
А
и (Е
Dre
тр
а.
1.
D
z
000 PRINT "GOOD WORK"
010 LET ug$-"sésü0Ss0445524200"
GOSLIE&E 186
(2) CJ (2) (2) CD С) С
ОЦЕ РЕ СОЮ
t C) C) C) C2 C)
(т)
г
с РОМЕ ЕЕЗ seus
GSO GOSUE 18
090 PRINT "HELLO"
OOG LET ü$-'"270745s5300"
210 GOSUB 109
G20 PRIN “HURSERY RAYME"
O30 LET üQ$-"134519444285620413451
4ii2o2044212123852045513552510420412
S2040504451z21122520448231204222
04595100" Е
O48 GOSUB іс
O50 LET ü$z"452513520425135204141n
425500" ee
G66 GOSUB 18
en in lines 1
мағ 1 ables
£ nou i
өніс
anguhere els
Load =
Want to add s
program ха
used.
г. Poa ata
x vd Look
the
ене £
t
tO which
through
Variables that
M
FT] S. qm am d
Бя
M
Tf
- uU ctu
ang "ЕРЕ she af І, D. Yi
05, You must change еге Variables IN TH
SHOUN ABOVE.
3. Tupe the speech subroutine
h
SPEECH ROUTINE PROGRAM
2n (lines 1 toa
aE into your larger BASIC Program, a
lose to the beginning cf the Program ас
poss ib ;le. You might have to use different.
line numbers, but line 1 in the Ts10e8
version MUST remain the first lime Of the
program.
4. Ше the allophone chart below in order
to COMPOSE your speech tring, Gp (fee
ехайрів speech strings zhoun in the above
program, lines ledge to 2660). Insert this
speech String and your GOSUE La statement
into the piace in your BASIC orocaran where
uou Want The computer to Speak, Hote that
uou MUST Lerhitiate each speech string with
eG in order to silence the FVOTCE Board.
Also mote that 3811 allophone nutüpenrs
should be entered аз double digits in the
Strind, 2.4.: исе GS, HOT 5. Use Q4 ас
the silent space between words in &
sentence. YOU сат ute three G4's in a row
to dive the Silent кемісе hE TWEET
sentences.
Example speech Strings are shown itt
Lines 1900 to 2050 under the main speech
subroutine (lines i to 680). You can tru
these out bu inserting à few into uour
BASIC program or just bu running the whole
SPEECH routine programi (lines 1 to case)
bud itself.
IF uou Wish to delve more deeply inta
Р0255 speech — synthesis. — Check — uour
ا etterz over the Past year for
routines bu myself aor Wilf Riadter. There
are 3150 phonetic text fo speech editar
programs called PHONETIC ZSPEAK available
for the T2108 and the T528055 in our
software library.
i КЕМ Тігова “рын
ROUTINE FOR
BY КЕЧ ABRA
GOTO 61
OR Ісі TO 108
ET CzüunHL SIE
T 3:0
ze
E
TI ge. como p» cn
Tore T
MMC C) Сә С)
t m =
F CO THEH
RUS >
b, t سه و
US E Sod i
E.
EH
j
H
C
-
ri
--.
J
- «ob
SA
ii
i-i TŪ
TURE
Ls
OCTET
уте
—_
— н
HECE C M EZD mMm c.
a
jon T GOT]
afi
шн
4
(C) C) Fi
TIN
«ро
HH
Т
тминццтпиититиененнниттнн тент нин ттен нт ннен 1
C
| J
m
P
p.
| حم ف DO حم Fe Fe CO TO I حم CO CIL UT I CD. Fe E e Fe Fe FO CO Fe CO CDI p m]
сЕ
р LI n
| Qi OO N N ca q en vo ca Ga s Cn re» £s uo Fere D Cn o C
1 REM T5268 "IUDICE" SPEECH ж qe
ROETINE FER BASIC PROER * UNLIKE USING ІМКЕУФ, THERE I2 Nu
ANS Ьу KEN RSREHSOH + BREAK COMMAND FOR INPUT, MAKING
S GO TB 51 i ж INPUT A BETTER CHOICE FOR MENU
4% FOR I-1 TO 128 e DRIVEN PROSRAHS.
PB LET D-UHL S$:24I-1 TD 227) +
3B CUT 23,0 ж 1 БЕМ
ха IF O=8 THEN RETURN dE MERE THIS PROGRAM CRANS
PAUSE S THE BORDERS FoR A GRAPH ы BO
BE NEXT I ° CRE 24 Nub lude G0. H CHOICE
1286 PRINT “BOOD UDEKC ж 15 MADE REGUARDING UHIC
43238 LEY 84=-—“R4RESRS24 ESSA DER” ж ЕнввнстЕвсто pda е ^" EIE
p" a. + a. ea Sb BA i. 9, l 4 TTA i 5 THE EQUAT ION
3228 CO SUB ір Е IS SET UF 502 THAT WHAT ІЗ TRUE
1СШЕ PRIMI "TIHEX" x WILL БЕ PRINTED AND WHAT IS
i48 ED ste aa eee” * FHLSE Will БЕ IUNORED.
2255 B 198 ж
3852 PRINT “ГИНРЫТЕН” od
1870 LET H$-"42J15:5502531135252898 | X T gee аа.
= 3 28 PRINT АТ 5,5; ("+" AND СБ =
3286 БП SUB 18 ж NT (С/5із%%":" AND C/S«q«»INT (075
183E PRINT “HELLO” ж Ж EIS
FESS LET &$=“2787455328" ж . 30 PRINT AT Z8,C45; ("+" AND C
21g БП SUB 18 ж SIME Leslee "тт
SESE PRINT “NURSERY RHYKE” x ES BEN S
SESE LET ES-"1345194442509413451 % PUES
G4 44560844510 1596284557 5595 1848s Ж " —R
TGIOD4MERMADISIIUIGONA4HOuIdM4esSd FC Gen жыға Goo E SO BRAS
42450S51ifR” 4 E IUBE HAL AND LINE 20 DRALS
скан сп SUB 18 TRE HORIZONTAL AXIS.
SESE LET 8$="“4hSon2asse4canoeaaas F 1 REM
345255298" T WE SAVED THE = ег
SERE БП SUB 18 Ж LAST. THIS ІЗ ам ACTUAL ЖЕНЕ
ж САМЕ USING LOGICAL EXPRESSIONS.
мннммнкмкннкк наннан кы d OTHE БЕРЕН "uc ee ee eae
ice ee aa ! EXPRESSIONS
- mE THEMSELVES CAN BE EVALUATED WITH
Semi-Multiple Statements EOURLED TO Sena ONE -AND FALSE
vJ U. Lee сан THEN x" SERU. _ FRESE VALUES
HS SHOUN БЕ ТЕЕНТЕС AS NUMBERS
Host computer basic including the 2283 AND 149 БЕНАЯ Om. BENET
support multiple statements. That if more ree
than one Самата сап bE go: : ned together ta
Share the fame statement number. за SLOW
20 LET 5-д
The ZX21 does not са. this feature 30 LET CzS3
put. With careful planning а simple version е LET H-14
of a multiple Eb езді Cav bz created by Sa LET M-H
using logical expressions. For example: Ба CIM Бзіз2
70 РОКЕ 15448,0
35 IF I$z"E" THEN GOTO 200 20 OLS ý
27 IF I&-"5" THEN GOTO Ба Баа
аз IF I$-"ü" THEN GOTO sae SSS
ша REM IN-THE-H:
":5:ТЯВ i
FLL THREE LINES CAN BE REPLACED LOO LET
WITH LINE 128 BELOW THE FIRST 118 FOR
SET ОҒ PARENTHESES CONTAINS THE 128 IF i
BASE NUMBER 148. ІТ ІЗ ADDED To 22)
OR SUBTRACTED FROM THE OTHER 1586 LET
NUMBERS IN THE PARENTHESES, із8 LET
DEPENDING GN THE INPUT. THE l1i x INKES
REASON FOR THE BASE NUMBER ІЗ 15@ PRI
IF AN INVALID INPUT S GIVEN, ws nan
LINE 12@ WILL STILL GOTO LINE 160 NEXT x
118. 170 IF Y»H AND Y« sore
"TA >Н AND YiH«4 THEN GOTO
18а LET С=с+1
10 бото idee 198 GOTO FEN
БӨ PRINT "Eg" 200 LET 5=5+1
28 GOTO 115 218 FOR Х-Ә ТО 19
129 PRINT "E GOTO 200",,"5 220 PRINT AT х,0;БФ%
GOTO 50",,"Q0: GOTO 500" И 238 NEXT X m
112 INPUT Is 240 Бото за
12а GOTO {119+ (90 AND I$-"E"! 250 REM
(50 AND І$="5"1+(390 AND I$-"GO'")
zoa PRINT "Ету" PRESSING "1" WILL MOVE
210 GOTO 412 THE FALLING BALL TO THE LEFT
S00 PRINT "ESE" AND PRESSING "OQ" WILL MOVE IT ТО
512 GOTO 1198 THE RIGHT
S20 REM Q l
SPREAD SHEETS and THEIR DIFFERENCES.
By Rusty Townsend
Spread sheets fall into two
broad categories that I will call
"TITLED" anc "OPEN". After that, the
"OPEN" ones have two classes- the
first is the original plain "OPEN",
and the variation I will call
"FEIXABLE TITLE",
The most significant difference
between these three types is the
treatment of the title area for the
Columns and rows with reference to
the grid of the spread sheet, and
whether or not the titles remain
visible and/or scroll with the grid
as it is scrolled.
Following is a description of
each type and some named examples of
each.
"TITLED" Spread Sheets.
These generally have the top
two cells of each column and the
first cell of each row reserved for
alpha-numeric titles outside the grid
of the spread sheet.
Their main advantage
the titles scroll with the
sheet as necessary so that the
relevant titles are always visible.
However, since these generally
have the cell width fixed at seven
characters, the titles must be short
and cannot be very descriptive.
With the title area outside the
grid, the grid may not accept text,
and may only accept data in the form
of numbers and formulae in the form
of numbers and cell references with
mathematical operators. When setting
up a standard template, this may
prevent you from inserting a question
mark in each cell that requires the
entry of numeric data when working
with that spread sheet template,
although you can always insert a
zero, which is what you must do with
VU-CALC or the program will crash
when you insert a formula and it
attempts to calculate an empty cell.
MEMOCALC for the TS1000 (with
a 16K or larger rampak), and OMNICALC
for the TS2068 (in the SPECTRUM mode)
are typical of this type.
is that
spread
"OPEN" Spread Sheets.
As the title implies, these have
an open grid with each cell able to
accept text, numbers or a formula.
They may or may mot have variable
Cell widths.
There is no limit to the number
of cells you can use to title a
Column, and without variable cell
width there is generally provision
for row titles to extend into a
second or third cell on that row.
However, with this type the
titles quickly disappear from view as
you scroll the spread sheet, so you
must have a hard copy of your titles
for reference to know the relevance
of the cursor location.
VU-CALC for the TS1000 (with a
16K rampak), and VU-CALC for the
TS2068 are typical of this type.
"FIXABLE TITLE" Spread Sheets.
These are similar to the "OPEN"
type except that they have a special `
function that allows you "lock in"
the cell(s) used for column and row
titles. After that, the titled area
scrolls as necessary with the Spread
Sheet to keep the relevant titles ©
visible (like a "TITLED" spread
sheet), while the rest of the grid
continues to function like an "OPEN"
one.
Unfortunately, I do not know of
any Spread sheet for the TS1000 or
the TS2068 that has this function.
If any reader is aware of such a
Spread sheet, I would certainly
appreciate hearing about it.
In future articles I will
continue with some more direct
comparisions between the spread
sheets that are available for the
TS1000 and for the Т52068.
Às time allows and ye EDITOR permits
Space in future newsletters, I w111
continue with my comments on the
features listed in the above summary.
Rusty Townsend.
10
SPREAD SHEET SUMMARY VU-CALC OMNICALC 2
Type OPEN TITLED
Number of columns 50 (L to 50) 398. 42 to 99)
Number of rows 50 (A to AX) 250 (a to 1p)
Visible columns 2224 4 t EIDIEN
Visible rows 18 15 + titles
Cell width 7 7
Cell height l row l row
Left justify yes text only
Right justify yes numbers only
Template shape fixed adjustable
Template columns 50 J to 99
Template rows 50 15 to 250
Template cells 2500 4,000 maximum
Simple operators (note 1) yes yes
Higher operators (note 2) no yes
Integer format yes yes
Two-decimal format yes yes
Floating decimal format yes no
Sum by range yes no
Total/sub-total function по yes
Calculate by rows yes yes
Calculate by columns no (note 3) yes
Save template & data yes yes
save data only no yes
Month function no yes
TS2068 compatible yes no
Spectrum compatible yes yes
OS-64 compatible no (note 4) no
TS2040 printer
- screen only yes : on command
- further rows no yes
"Wide" printers no yes
Loading time
J.
1.5 minutes 1 minute
NOTES.
ds
2.
Add, subtract, multiply, divide.
Powers, roots, trig functions,
possibly others.
Can be "forced" by recalculating
the grid once for each column in
the used portion of the grid.
Error message displayed on the
screen when LOADing fails
suggests that a relocation of
RAMTOP might allow the OS-64 to
function and give a 64 character
screen. Has anybody out there
got a solution for this?
SCREEN-CALC 2.0
OPEN
100 (0 to 39)
100 (1 to 100)
3
6
8
2 rows
upper: text
lower: numbers
yes
no
adjustable
10 to 100
10 to 100
1,008 maximum
yes
yes
no
no
yes
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
no
yes
no
no (note 4)
yes
no
screen only
1 minute
1
HEX TO DEC CONVERTER
... Бу Jay Mundy
Ever run across a great
looking program in a
magazine only to find that
the listing is given in HEX?
The following program solves
this problem Бу converting
the HEX values to DECIMAL
Values and POKEing them into
memory beginning at the
address assigned in line 76.
ENTER "Q" to end the program.
5 REM HEX TO DEC CONVERTER
BY JAY MUNDY
12 LET А=16
20 LET B-11
59 LET. C=12
480 LET D=13
o LET E=14
69 LET F=15
78 LET 7-50000
1009 PRINT "ADDRESS"; TAB 15;
"HEX"; TAB 2335" DEC"
110 INPUT "ENTER HEX VALUE ";
AS
120 IF ASG="Q" THEN STOP
150 IF LEN А%=1 THEN LET АФ-
"а" + AS
140 LET S= VAL А% (1)
150 FOR X-1 TO LEN АФ-і
169 LET S=S¥16+ VAL AS(X+1)
1748 NEXT X
180 PRINT Z; TAB 15;4A9$; TAB
2233
t20 FOKE 225
2060 LET 2=2+1
216 GO TO 110
12
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK KK ЖАХЖАХАХАХЖАХАЖЖАХАЖАЖЖАХЖААЖЖАХААХАҚ АҚ АА
If you only want to display
the values and/or wish to
convert values greater than
255, the following changes
should be made:
Delete lines 70, 190, 29060
100 PRINT "HEX","DEC"
180 PRINT A$,S
YXXYXGYXXXXXXXYxvxxy
CIRCULATION OF MAGAZINES AND BOOKS.
From your Vice-Pres.
I brought 20-odd magazines and a
dozen books that were superfluous to
my needs to our May meeting.
After announcing that they were
a donation to our club library and
that they were available to all on a
first come-first serve basis, I was
amazed at just how quickly the pile
disappeared before my eyes.
I'm sure there are others with
books and magazines that are no
longer needed and are just taking up
shelf space, and I'm just as sure
there are others who would like to
read them.
So, how about going through your
shelves this summer and decide which
books and magazines you can part
with, and then bring them to one of
our club meetings this fall.
They'll all become part of our
club library, and 1f they're not all
borrowed by the end of the meeting,
then I or some other volunteer will
cart the remainder home and bring
them back to the next meeting.
Borrowers will be expected to
return them one month later INTACT so
the next borrower can have the
benefit of reading the same stuff you
did.
I don't expect we'll keep any
records of who borrowed what.
Possibly at some later date we may
attempt to list what we have got, so
after you've read Part 1 of
something, we may be able to help
you find Part 2.
Electronics/ May 14, 1987
FOR SIR CLIVE, THERE’S
ALWAYS A TOMORROW
LONDON
BUZZ WORDS...we all use them but do
we really know what they mean? Would
we like to learn some more... all
the better to baffle and piss-off
our noncomputerese friends and
relations. Over the coming issues of
2ХАрреа1% we'll print successive
portions of the BUZZWORD DICTIONARY
so all might broaden themselves.
hey can stop writing those obituar-
les bemoaning the end of an era in
the British computer business. Sir Clive
Sinclair is still around, as feisty as ever.
When the iconoclastic entrepreneur
sold his ailing computer business to ri-'
val Amstrad Consumer Electronics plc
to concentrate on new markets and chal-
lenges [Electronics, April 14, 1986,
p. 64], it appeared that he might just
fade away. But Uncle Clive, as he is
affectionately known in the industry, is
not the fadeaway type. He has bounced
back with a new company called Cam-
bridge Computer Ltd., a $300 laptop
computer, and plans for a wafer-scale-
integration-based version—as well as a
new type of telephone system.
To understand why Sinclair made the
Amstrad deal, it is necessary to know
that he is a man who lives for the fu-
ture. “I sold the old computer range and
the use of my name on computers be-
cause we were short of cash,” he says.
“It was a long-term outlook. The impor-
tant parts of our business were wafer-
scale and other computers. We are not
aiming at the home market. We are aim-
ing at the serious user. The new com-
puter is cheap because we don't want to
give people an excuse not to buy it."
It is perhaps not the new 788 but the
one after that that looks most exciting.
Sinclair says that the research into wa-
fer-scale integration has as its goal a
small computer. He expects the first wa-
fer-scale products to materialize early
next year and the computer to be out by
year's end. |
Next year will also be exciting for
Sinclair, because that is when he intends
to take on the cellular telephone market
C ME
d^ 5
xn À
“ E
gi uten "EE
43 SA MEM iiie N
е E CL
with a portable phone featuring a radio
link to any of three other phones: the
telephone at home, the telephone at
work, and the cellular telephone in the
car. The phone will automatically select
which is the nearest and cheapest of the
three and make the call on that.
All this suggests that if the industry
was surprised by his quick return, it
shouldn't have been. Sinclair's history
has been full of such ups and downs
since 1962, when he formed Sinclair Ra-
dionics to make and sell radio and ampli-
fier kits. The kits were inexpensive and
were sold by mail order—two features
that have marked every Sinclair product
since, except for his electric tricycle,
which was too big to mail.
MOVING ON. Sinclair's first move forced
the prices of hi-fi systems down to a
level that people could afford. In 1972, he
started. making pocket calculators, using
the profits from the successful hi-fi busi-
ness. They were also low-cost, they sold
like hotcakes, and they forced the mar-
ket price of calculators down. Then the
Japanese flooded the market with even
cheaper calculators that were far more
reliable than the Sinclair models. Sinclair
tried to balance his losses with a new
idea—one of the first digital watches. It
was a great idea with a large market.
But reliability problems caused the com-
pany heavy losses in 1976.
During that year the British govern-
ment poured close to $4 million into the
‘business. And despite another innovative
product—a pocket TV with a 2-in.
screen—the company suffered heavier
losses. By 1979, the company looked
dead, and Sir Clive was out.
In 1980 he bounced back with a new
company, Sinclair Research, and the ZX80
= home computer. The success of
that and later computers in. the
range earned him knighthood in
1983. But by 1985 the home com-
puter market was disappearing.
His QL computer was a flop. And
his latest quirk, the electric tricy-
cle, was a nonstarter.
But, he adds, "the computers
are my principal interest.” Al-
though the deal with Amstrad
specifies that the machines will
not bear the Sinclair name, Sir
Clive is not worried: “16 doesn't
matter; everybody knows where
the computers come from."
.. -Steve Rogerson
SINCLAIR: “1 sold the old computer
line because we were short of cash."
ARARA
ABBREVIATED ADDRESSING: A modification of the
Direct Address mode which uses only part of the full
address and provides a faster means of processing data
because of the shortened code.
ACCUMULATOR: One or more registers associated
with the ALU which temporarily store sums and other
arithmetical and logical results of the ALU.
ACIA (Asynchrous Communications Interface Adapter):
A Motorola device which interfaces the
microprocessor's bus-organized system with incoming
serial synchronous communication information. The
parallel data of the multi-bus system is serially
transmitted by the asynchronous data terminal. The
ACIA interfaces directly with low-speed Modems to
enable microprocessor communication over
telephone lines.
ADAPTER: A device used to effect operative capability
between different parts of one or more systems or
subsystems.
ADDRESS: An address is a coded instruction
designating the location of data or program
segments in storage. The address may refer to storage
in registers or memories or both. The address code
itself may be stored so that a location may contain the
address of data rather than the data itself. This form
of addressing is common in microprocessors. | |,
Addressing modes vary considerably because of efforts
to reduce program execution time.
ALGORITHM: Any mechanical computational procedure.
As applied to microprocessors, the meaning can be
narrowed down to: “А set of rules for getting a specific
output from a specific input.”
ALU (Arithmetic and Logic Unit): The ALU is one of the
three essential components of a microprocessor...
the other two being the registers and the control block.
The ALU performs various forms of addition and
subtraction; the logic mode performs such logic
operations as ANDing the contents of two registers,
or masking the contents of a register.
ARCHITECTURE: Any design or orderly arrangement
perceived by man: the architecture of the
microprocessor. Since the extant microprocessors vary
considerably in design, their architecture has become
a bone of contention among specialists.
ASCII: ASCII* is a standardized 7-bit binary code of
which various combinations of 1's and 0's correspond to
128 different keyboard characters and control
symbols. Most microcomputers are able to communicate
to terminals by reading and writing ASCII symbols
via this 7-bit code.
*ASCII stands for United States of America Standard Code for Information
Interchange.
ASSEMBLER PROGRAM: The Assembler Program
translates man readable source statements (mnemonics)
into machine understandable object code.
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE: A machine oriented
language. Normally the program is written as a series
of source statements using mnemonic symbols that
suggest the definition of the instruction and is then
translated into machine language.
ASYNCHRONOUS: Operation of a switching network
by a free-running signal which signals successive
instructions, the completion of one instruction
triggering the next. There is no fixed time per cycle.
13
..reprinted from SUM Jan/86
2068 Power Supply
Make It Cooler & Quieter
I have discovered that programs SAVED
to cassette tapes from the TS-2068 can
have a very high Noise/Scratch background
level making verification and loading a
somewhat iffy proposition. The best way to
determine if you have this problem is to
monitor the signal on the tape aurally
during loading. The background noise сап
be heard before the leader and between the
leader and the program. If this condition
creates a problem for you, the following
will provide a solution.
The TS-2068, when operated from a DC
supply voltage of more than 13 volts,
creates a superfluous noise on the
internal power distribution lines,
probably from the action of the switching
voltage regulator which supplies the
regulated 5 volt supply. Somehow, this
noise finds its way to the SPKR/TAPE
output of the SCLD chip. For some unknown
reason, if the DC supply voltage is
reduced to something less than 13 volts
this noise disapears. I have found that a
supply voltage of about 8 volts gives very
good results. There are two drawbacks: At
less than 15 volts you get NO COLOR output
and the A&J MicroDrive will not work.
Because I sometimes wish to use the
MicroDrive and the Cassette tape storage
interchangeably, as in taking programs
from the MicroDrive and giving them long
term storage on the cheaper cassettes, I
developed a voltage reducer to put in the
cord of the TS-2068 power unit so that I
can change the supply voltage from the
normally used 15 volts to a lower 8 volts
when I want to save a program to cassette
tape. The supply voltage сап Бе changed
from 15 volts to 8 volts and back to 15
volts without affecting any of the program
or data stored in the Т5-2068 memory.
Also, by operating the TS-2068 at a normal
15-16 volt level rather tran the power
unit's output of about 21 volts, the heat
dissapation in the TS-2068 is reduced
considerbly.
The schematic of the voltage reducer
is self-explanatory. Two words of caution,
however. Although the regulating
transistor, 2N3055 or similar, is capable
of passing many amps of current, it must
be well heat-sinked as it dissipates about
5 Watts when delivering the low voltage
output. When cutting the cord of the power
unit, verify the polarity of the leads
when they are reconnected remembering that
the outer contact of the concentric
connector is positive and the inner
contact is negative.
-- J W Dowell
أ ص ا om ж4-т
cl - 9.1” Cer R1 - 270 оһтуғ
de = ui 1 e от f £ 1 e 1! C Ж L = Е, . 4 3 H á i, !
CO - leans 160 Dzz S23 7,444)
C4 - QG.1mí Cer 01 - 2М2055 ETC
TE З
کل
--reprinted from SUM March/86
Using Parallel Interface Printers With the QL
Technology Research and other QL
hardware manufacturers have introduced
centronics parallel interfaces to allow
the QL to drive parallel printers, which
are more common than serial interfaced
printers.
Some information on how to install these
parallel interfaces to work with the QL's
software is given in the INFORMATION
section of the QL manual. Additional
information may also be supplied by the
interface manufacturer. To clarify and
amplify some of that information, the
following has been compiled.
To use the parallel interface in BASIC
Programs, call for it exactly as you would
the SERI and SER2 serial interfaces. That
is, specify a channel to open, followed by
the periperal designation PAR. Examples:
10 OPEN #3, serl (opens channel 3 to
serial port 1)
0 OPEN #5, par (opens channel 5 to
parallel port)
To install the parallel interface to work
with Quill, Archive, Easel, or Abacus,
turn on or reset the computer without any
cartridges in either microdrive. Select Fl
or F2 for monitor or TV. Then...
l. Put backup copy of Quill in mdvl (or
flpl for disk). Load апа run
INSTALL BAS. (If using a disk system,
first specify that the disk system is
to act like microdrives. This is done
with FLP USE MDV on the Technology
Research unit. Then load and гип the
install program.)
2. Specify where the new printer instal-
lation data is to be saved by the
program when it prompts for it.
3. Press the SPACE BAR to indicate a
parallel interface will be installed.
4. Select the appropriate printer from the
menu provided.
5. Select EDIT by pressing F2 then use the
cursor keys to change PORT: NONE to
read PORT: PAR.
6. ESC to end editing then F5 to save the
new installation information оп your
microdrive or dísk.
-
Exit the install program and RESET the
computer before trying to use any other
program.
If everything has been done right, any
print call from within Quill or the other
software will now direct output to the
parallel interface. A separate microdrive
cartridge set up for serial interfaces
should be kept for using serial printers.
А FINAL NOTE: There is another alter-
native. There are serial to parallel
cables available for about $45-50 from
English Micro Connection which allows the
user to plug one end in SER2 and the other
end into a parallel printer. No other in-
stallation procedures are necessary since
the computer still thinks it is dealing
with a serial interface and printer.
-- Richard Cravy
15
CANADA
ATLANTIC
OCE AN
Lisa
The Vancouver Sinclair Users Group has been tn existence since
1982. We are a support group for the owners and users of all
SINCLAIR and TIMEX computers.
Pres:- Ken Abramson
V /Pres:- 'Rusty' Townsend
Sec:- Harvey Taylor
Treas. & Editor:- Rod Humphreys
Our membership dues are only $15.00/year and may be sent to the
Treasurer:
Rod Humphreys
2006 Highview Place
Port Moody, BC., V3H IN5
Members of VSUG receive a monthly issue of ZXAppeal - our
newsletter.
ZXAppeal accepts advertising. Our **PREPAID** rates are:
320.00 -- full page
$12.00 -- 1/2 page
$8.00 -- 1/4 page
| ZXAppeal has a print run of 75 copies per month Гог members and is
distributed to approx 40 other SINCLAIR User Groups throughout
North America as well as overseas via the NETWORK.
NETWORK correspondence may be directed to the Editor at the above
address.
| All articles appearing in ZXAppeal may be reprinted by other T/S
User Groups as long as credit is given to the author and VSUG.
Live Music
Archive
Librivox
Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland
Museum of Art
Internet
Arcade
Console Living Room
Open Library
American
Libraries
TV News
Understanding
9/11